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@@ -104,6 +104,81 @@ shards are streamed. The PE control-processor dispatch cost registered as
 zero in this configuration---command issue is simply not on the critical
 path when data movement is this dominant.
 
+\subsection{Long-context decode: parallelism strategies}
+
+The four headline panels above stress the kernel at moderate context
+lengths. Long-context decode---the regime where KV cache size, not
+attention compute, sets serving cost---turns the choice of how to
+parallelize across cubes and PEs into a first-order design knob. We
+compare four strategies on the LLaMA-3.1-70B single-KV-head-group
+target (8 CUBEs $\times$ 8 PEs, one KV-head group):
+
+\begin{itemize}\setlength\itemsep{1pt}
+  \item \textbf{Case 1} (Cube-SP $\times$ PE-TP): KV split by $S_{kv}$
+        across CUBEs; PEs tensor-parallel on the batch dimension
+        (wastes PE-TP work at $B{=}1$).
+  \item \textbf{Case 2} (Cube-Repl $\times$ PE-TP): full KV
+        replicated to every CUBE; PEs tensor-parallel on batch.
+  \item \textbf{Case 3} (Cube-Repl $\times$ PE-SP): full KV
+        replicated; PEs sequence-parallel on $S_{kv}$ with an
+        intra-CUBE all-reduce.
+  \item \textbf{Case 4} ($\star$, Cube-SP $\times$ PE-SP): KV split
+        64-way (across both CUBEs and PEs) with a two-phase all-reduce
+        on the running softmax state $(m, \ell, O)$.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{gqa_decode_long_ctx_4cases_latency.png}
+\caption{End-to-end decode latency per parallelism strategy
+(LLaMA-3.1-70B single-KV-head group, 8 CUBEs $\times$ 8 PEs).
+Replication into CUBEs (Cases 2/3) wins the latency race
+(\SI{20.2}{\micro\second} for Case 3), but Case~4 ($\star$, KV split
+64-way) finishes within \SI{14}{\micro\second} of the leader while
+paying a different cost---visible in Figure~\ref{fig:gqa-4cases-mem}.}
+\label{fig:gqa-4cases-lat}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{gqa_decode_long_ctx_4cases_memory.png}
+\caption{Per-CUBE KV memory footprint for the four cases. Cases 1
+and 4---both with the KV cache split across cubes (Cube-SP)---hold
+only \SI{0.5}{\mebi\byte} of KV state per CUBE; Cases 2 and 3, which
+replicate the full KV, hold \SI{4}{\mebi\byte} per CUBE, an
+\textbf{8$\times$} blowup at this configuration that scales linearly
+with context length.}
+\label{fig:gqa-4cases-mem}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\centering
+\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{gqa_decode_long_ctx_4cases_traffic.png}
+\caption{Per-case op-count breakdown. The replicated-KV PE-TP design
+(Case 2) avoids almost all on-device communication
+(\textasciitilde0 IPCQ copies), but at the cost of KV memory.
+Case~4's two-phase reduce charges \textasciitilde190 IPCQ copies and
+\textasciitilde190 DMA reads---this is the traffic that PE\_IPCQ
+(\S\ref{sec:allreduce}) is built to absorb at on-device speed.}
+\label{fig:gqa-4cases-traffic}
+\end{figure}
+
+Three things stand out. First, the fastest case in pure latency
+(Case~3, \SI{20.2}{\micro\second}) is also the most memory-hungry,
+requiring the full KV state on every CUBE---an option that fails to
+scale once context length blows past the per-CUBE budget. Second,
+Case~4's KV-split design gives back roughly \SI{14}{\micro\second}
+versus Case~3 in exchange for an \textbf{8$\times$} KV-memory
+reduction; for practical long-context serving where KV capacity is
+the binding constraint, this is the trade the design chooses
+(marked $\star$). Third, Case~4 pays its way in
+\emph{communication}: the op-count panel shows \textasciitilde190
+IPCQ copies and \textasciitilde190 DMA reads, precisely the
+on-device collective traffic that PE\_IPCQ and the torus links of
+\S\ref{sec:allreduce} are provisioned to move quickly---so the
+``slower'' strategy is in fact the one that fully cashes in the
+communication-side codesign work of this report.
+
 \subsection{Analysis and meaning}
 
 These panels are the clearest statement of the codesign thesis in the