Composite GEMM: K-loop accumulator residency, pinned operands, sweep + deck

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-05-13 15:00:41 -07:00
parent 5accd98171
commit 83ea97b05f
11 changed files with 4219 additions and 51 deletions
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"""Single-PE composite GEMM for PE_accelerator perf characterization.
Three operand-staging variants are selectable via MATMUL_VARIANT:
- "ref_ref" (default): a = tl.ref, b = tl.ref
Both operands HBM-resident; scheduler streams per-tile DMA.
- "load_ref": a = tl.load, b = tl.ref
A eagerly DMA'd into TCM up-front; B streamed per-tile.
- "load_load": a = tl.load, b = tl.load
Both eagerly DMA'd into TCM up-front.
Other env vars: MATMUL_M, MATMUL_K, MATMUL_N, MATMUL_DTYPE.
Run:
MATMUL_M=256 MATMUL_K=256 MATMUL_N=256 MATMUL_VARIANT=load_ref \
kernbench run --topology topology.yaml --bench matmul_composite
"""
import os
from kernbench.policy.placement.dp import DPPolicy
M = int(os.environ.get("MATMUL_M", "256"))
K = int(os.environ.get("MATMUL_K", "256"))
N = int(os.environ.get("MATMUL_N", "256"))
DTYPE = os.environ.get("MATMUL_DTYPE", "f16")
VARIANT = os.environ.get("MATMUL_VARIANT", "ref_ref")
def _kernel_ref_ref(a_ptr, b_ptr, out_ptr, M, K, N, tl, DTYPE="f16"):
M, K, N = int(M), int(K), int(N)
a = tl.ref(int(a_ptr), shape=(M, K), dtype=DTYPE)
b = tl.ref(int(b_ptr), shape=(K, N), dtype=DTYPE)
h = tl.composite(op="gemm", a=a, b=b, out_ptr=int(out_ptr))
tl.wait(h)
def _kernel_load_ref(a_ptr, b_ptr, out_ptr, M, K, N, tl, DTYPE="f16"):
M, K, N = int(M), int(K), int(N)
a = tl.load(int(a_ptr), shape=(M, K), dtype=DTYPE)
b = tl.ref(int(b_ptr), shape=(K, N), dtype=DTYPE)
h = tl.composite(op="gemm", a=a, b=b, out_ptr=int(out_ptr))
tl.wait(h)
def _kernel_load_load(a_ptr, b_ptr, out_ptr, M, K, N, tl, DTYPE="f16"):
M, K, N = int(M), int(K), int(N)
a = tl.load(int(a_ptr), shape=(M, K), dtype=DTYPE)
b = tl.load(int(b_ptr), shape=(K, N), dtype=DTYPE)
h = tl.composite(op="gemm", a=a, b=b, out_ptr=int(out_ptr))
tl.wait(h)
_KERNELS = {
"ref_ref": _kernel_ref_ref,
"load_ref": _kernel_load_ref,
"load_load": _kernel_load_load,
}
def run(torch):
if VARIANT not in _KERNELS:
raise ValueError(f"unknown MATMUL_VARIANT={VARIANT!r}; "
f"expected one of {list(_KERNELS)}")
kernel_fn = _KERNELS[VARIANT]
dp = DPPolicy(cube="replicate", pe="replicate", num_cubes=1, num_pes=1)
a = torch.empty((M, K), dtype=DTYPE, dp=dp, name="a")
b = torch.empty((K, N), dtype=DTYPE, dp=dp, name="b")
out = torch.empty((M, N), dtype=DTYPE, dp=dp, name="out")
torch.launch(f"matmul_composite_{VARIANT}", kernel_fn, a, b, out, M, K, N)
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"""Sweep GEMM shapes through kernbench and dump PE_accelerator engine times.
For each shape:
- run benches.matmul_composite via the same run_bench path the CLI uses
- read result.engine.op_log
- filter to per-PE engines: pe_dma, pe_fetch_store, pe_gemm, pe_math
- record sum-of-durations (engine occupancy) AND wall-clock active interval
Output: docs/diagrams/gemm_sweep.json
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import json
import os
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
# Default sweep covering under-tile, single-tile, multi-tile, and asymmetric regimes.
# Each entry is either a single integer (square M=K=N=S) or "MxKxN".
# Override via env: SWEEP_SHAPES="16,32,16x2048x16,..."
DEFAULT_SHAPES = [
"32x32x32", # 1 tile, K=32 < TILE_K=64 → under-tile in K
"32x64x32", # 1 tile, exact single-tile fit
"32x128x32", # 2 tiles, aligned
"32x128x128", # 8 tiles, aligned
"32x3072x32", # 48 tiles, all K-axis (tall-skinny)
"8x128x128", # 8 tiles, but M=8 < TILE_M=32 → MAC array under-fed
"128x8x128", # 16 tiles, but K=8 < TILE_K=64 → MAC array under-fed
"512", # 2048 tiles, fully aligned — "well-pipelined" reference
]
# Operand-staging variants exercised per shape.
VARIANTS = ["ref_ref", "load_ref", "load_load"]
# Engines whose timings we collect (component_id suffix match).
ENGINES = ["pe_dma", "pe_fetch_store", "pe_gemm", "pe_math"]
# Per-stage breakdown labels (StageType enum names from pe_types.py).
STAGES = ["DMA_READ", "DMA_WRITE", "FETCH", "STORE", "GEMM", "MATH"]
# Scheduler tile sizes (mirror of PeSchedulerComponent.TILE_M/K/N).
TILE_M, TILE_K, TILE_N = 32, 64, 32
OUT_PATH = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "docs" / "diagrams" / "gemm_sweep.json"
def _engine_wall_ns(records, suffix: str) -> float:
"""Wall-clock interval the engine was active (union of overlapping ops)."""
intervals = [(r.t_start, r.t_end) for r in records
if r.component_id.endswith("." + suffix)]
if not intervals:
return 0.0
intervals.sort()
merged_end = intervals[0][1]
merged_start = intervals[0][0]
total = 0.0
for s, e in intervals[1:]:
if s <= merged_end:
merged_end = max(merged_end, e)
else:
total += merged_end - merged_start
merged_start, merged_end = s, e
total += merged_end - merged_start
return total
def _engine_occupancy_ns(records, suffix: str) -> float:
return sum(r.t_end - r.t_start for r in records
if r.component_id.endswith("." + suffix))
def _engine_count(records, suffix: str) -> int:
return sum(1 for r in records if r.component_id.endswith("." + suffix))
def _stage_occupancy_ns(records, stage_type: str) -> float:
"""Sum t_end - t_start over op_log records whose params.stage_type matches.
Requires op_log records produced post the TileToken stage_type capture
(sim_engine/op_log.py).
"""
return sum(
r.t_end - r.t_start
for r in records
if r.params.get("stage_type") == stage_type
)
def _stage_wall_ns(records, stage_type: str) -> float:
"""Interval-union wall-clock for records whose stage_type matches."""
intervals = sorted(
(r.t_start, r.t_end) for r in records
if r.params.get("stage_type") == stage_type
)
if not intervals:
return 0.0
total = 0.0
cs, ce = intervals[0]
for s, e in intervals[1:]:
if s <= ce:
ce = max(ce, e)
else:
total += ce - cs
cs, ce = s, e
total += ce - cs
return total
def _stage_count(records, stage_type: str) -> int:
return sum(1 for r in records if r.params.get("stage_type") == stage_type)
def _run_one(M: int, K: int, N: int, topology: str, variant: str = "ref_ref") -> dict:
os.environ["MATMUL_M"] = str(M)
os.environ["MATMUL_K"] = str(K)
os.environ["MATMUL_N"] = str(N)
os.environ["MATMUL_VARIANT"] = variant
# Late imports so env vars are read by benches/matmul_composite at module load.
# Force re-import to pick up new env values.
for mod_name in [m for m in list(sys.modules) if m.startswith("benches.matmul_composite")]:
del sys.modules[mod_name]
from benches.loader import resolve_bench
from kernbench.runtime_api.bench_runner import run_bench
from kernbench.runtime_api.types import resolve_device
from kernbench.sim_engine.engine import GraphEngine
from kernbench.topology.builder import resolve_topology
topo = resolve_topology(topology)
bench = resolve_bench("matmul_composite")
device = resolve_device(None)
t0 = time.time()
result = run_bench(
topology=topo, bench_fn=bench, device=device,
engine_factory=lambda t, d: GraphEngine(
getattr(t, "topology_obj", t), enable_data=True,
),
)
wall = time.time() - t0
op_log = result.engine.op_log
if not result.completion.ok:
raise RuntimeError(f"bench failed at M={M},K={K},N={N}: {result.completion}")
# Bytes touched at f16 (2 B): full A + full B + full out (each operand
# streamed once through HBM by the composite plan).
bytes_total = (M * K + K * N + M * N) * 2
row = {
"M": M, "K": K, "N": N,
"variant": variant,
"flops": 2 * M * K * N,
"bytes_hbm": bytes_total,
"arith_intensity": (2 * M * K * N) / bytes_total, # flops/byte
"tile_count_expected": _ceil(M, TILE_M) * _ceil(N, TILE_N) * _ceil(K, TILE_K),
"sim_wall_clock_s": round(wall, 3),
"engines": {},
}
for eng in ENGINES:
row["engines"][eng] = {
"occupancy_ns": _engine_occupancy_ns(op_log, eng),
"wall_ns": _engine_wall_ns(op_log, eng),
"record_count": _engine_count(op_log, eng),
}
row["stages"] = {}
for stage in STAGES:
row["stages"][stage] = {
"occupancy_ns": _stage_occupancy_ns(op_log, stage),
"wall_ns": _stage_wall_ns(op_log, stage),
"record_count": _stage_count(op_log, stage),
}
# Kernel-window wall-clock = max t_end - min t_start over PE engine records.
pe_records = [r for r in op_log
if any(r.component_id.endswith("." + e) for e in ENGINES)]
if pe_records:
row["pe_window_ns"] = max(r.t_end for r in pe_records) \
- min(r.t_start for r in pe_records)
else:
row["pe_window_ns"] = 0.0
return row
def _ceil(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return (a + b - 1) // b
def main() -> int:
shapes_env = os.environ.get("SWEEP_SHAPES")
raw = (shapes_env.split(",") if shapes_env else DEFAULT_SHAPES)
shapes: list[tuple[int, int, int]] = []
for s in raw:
s = s.strip()
if not s:
continue
if "x" in s.lower():
parts = s.lower().split("x")
shapes.append((int(parts[0]), int(parts[1]), int(parts[2])))
else:
v = int(s)
shapes.append((v, v, v))
topology = os.environ.get("SWEEP_TOPOLOGY", "topology.yaml")
rows = []
for M, K, N in shapes:
for variant in VARIANTS:
print(f"[sweep] M={M} K={K} N={N} variant={variant} ...", flush=True)
row = _run_one(M, K, N, topology, variant=variant)
rows.append(row)
eng_dma = row["engines"]["pe_dma"]
eng_gem = row["engines"]["pe_gemm"]
print(f" tiles={row['tile_count_expected']:>6} "
f"pe_window={row['pe_window_ns']:8.1f}ns "
f"dma_occ={eng_dma['occupancy_ns']:9.1f} "
f"gemm_occ={eng_gem['occupancy_ns']:8.1f} "
f"(sim {row['sim_wall_clock_s']:.1f}s)")
OUT_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
OUT_PATH.write_text(json.dumps({
"tile_sizes": {"M": TILE_M, "K": TILE_K, "N": TILE_N},
"engines": ENGINES,
"stages": STAGES,
"variants": VARIANTS,
"rows": rows,
}, indent=2))
print(f"\n[sweep] wrote {OUT_PATH}")
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())
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@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class TensorHandle:
nbytes: int # total byte size nbytes: int # total byte size
data: object = None # reserved for validate mode data: object = None # reserved for validate mode
space: str = "tcm" # MemoryStore space ("tcm" | "hbm" | "sram") space: str = "tcm" # MemoryStore space ("tcm" | "hbm" | "sram")
pinned: bool = False # operand already DMA-staged in TCM (via tl.load)
@dataclass(frozen=True) @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ class PeSchedulerComponent(ComponentBase):
bytes_per_element=bpe, bytes_per_element=bpe,
A_addr=a.addr, B_addr=b.addr, C_addr=cmd.out_addr, A_addr=a.addr, B_addr=b.addr, C_addr=cmd.out_addr,
pe_prefix=pp, pe_prefix=pp,
a_pinned=getattr(a, "pinned", False),
b_pinned=getattr(b, "pinned", False),
) )
else: else:
# Math composite # Math composite
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@@ -21,15 +21,22 @@ def generate_gemm_plan(
bytes_per_element: int, bytes_per_element: int,
A_addr: int, B_addr: int, C_addr: int, A_addr: int, B_addr: int, C_addr: int,
pe_prefix: str, pe_prefix: str,
a_pinned: bool = False,
b_pinned: bool = False,
) -> PipelinePlan: ) -> PipelinePlan:
"""Generate GEMM tile plan: M→N→K order. """Generate GEMM tile plan: M→N→K order.
Each tile follows stage sequence: Each tile follows stage sequence:
DMA_READ(A) → DMA_READ(B) → FETCH → GEMM → STORE [DMA_READ(A)][DMA_READ(B)] → FETCH → GEMM → [STORE → DMA_WRITE]
On last K-tile per (m,n): → DMA_WRITE DMA_READ(A) skipped when a_pinned=True (operand pre-staged in TCM).
DMA_READ(B) skipped when b_pinned=True.
STORE + DMA_WRITE only emitted on last K-tile per (m,n) — accumulator
stays in RegFile across K loop.
Args: Args:
pe_prefix: e.g. "sip0.cube0.pe0" — used to build component IDs. pe_prefix: e.g. "sip0.cube0.pe0" — used to build component IDs.
a_pinned: A operand already resident in TCM (via prior tl.load).
b_pinned: B operand already resident in TCM.
""" """
M_tiles = max(1, ceil(M / tile_m)) M_tiles = max(1, ceil(M / tile_m))
K_tiles = max(1, ceil(K / tile_k)) K_tiles = max(1, ceil(K / tile_k))
@@ -58,23 +65,26 @@ def generate_gemm_plan(
stages: list[Stage] = [] stages: list[Stage] = []
# DMA READ: load A and B tiles from HBM → TCM # DMA READ: load A and B tiles from HBM → TCM.
stages.append(Stage( # Skip if the operand is already pre-staged via tl.load.
stage_type=StageType.DMA_READ, if not a_pinned:
component=dma_id, stages.append(Stage(
params={ stage_type=StageType.DMA_READ,
"src_addr": a_addr, "nbytes": a_bytes, component=dma_id,
"operand": "A", "tile_m": tile_m, "tile_k": tile_k, params={
}, "src_addr": a_addr, "nbytes": a_bytes,
)) "operand": "A", "tile_m": tile_m, "tile_k": tile_k,
stages.append(Stage( },
stage_type=StageType.DMA_READ, ))
component=dma_id, if not b_pinned:
params={ stages.append(Stage(
"src_addr": b_addr, "nbytes": b_bytes, stage_type=StageType.DMA_READ,
"operand": "B", "tile_k": tile_k, "tile_n": tile_n, component=dma_id,
}, params={
)) "src_addr": b_addr, "nbytes": b_bytes,
"operand": "B", "tile_k": tile_k, "tile_n": tile_n,
},
))
# FETCH: TCM → Register File # FETCH: TCM → Register File
stages.append(Stage( stages.append(Stage(
@@ -96,18 +106,17 @@ def generate_gemm_plan(
}, },
)) ))
# STORE: Register File → TCM # STORE + DMA_WRITE only on last K-tile per (m,n). The C
stages.append(Stage( # accumulator stays in RegFile across the K loop.
stage_type=StageType.STORE,
component=fetch_id,
params={
"direction": "write",
"nbytes": out_bytes,
},
))
# DMA WRITE: TCM → HBM (only on last K-tile)
if last_k: if last_k:
stages.append(Stage(
stage_type=StageType.STORE,
component=fetch_id,
params={
"direction": "write",
"nbytes": out_bytes,
},
))
stages.append(Stage( stages.append(Stage(
stage_type=StageType.DMA_WRITE, stage_type=StageType.DMA_WRITE,
component=dma_id, component=dma_id,
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@@ -44,11 +44,25 @@ class OpLogger:
return self._records return self._records
def record_start(self, t: float, component_id: str, msg: Any) -> None: def record_start(self, t: float, component_id: str, msg: Any) -> None:
"""Called by ComponentBase._on_process_start.""" """Called by ComponentBase._on_process_start.
Snapshots TileToken stage_type at start time so we can attribute the
record correctly even if the token advances stage_idx before
record_end fires.
"""
snap: dict[str, Any] = {}
# TileToken (ADR-0021 pipeline) — capture which stage this is.
try:
stage = getattr(msg, "current_stage", None)
if stage is not None:
snap["stage_type"] = stage.stage_type.name
except Exception:
pass
self._pending[id(msg)] = { self._pending[id(msg)] = {
"t_start": t, "t_start": t,
"component_id": component_id, "component_id": component_id,
"msg": msg, "msg": msg,
"snap": snap,
} }
def record_end(self, t: float, component_id: str, msg: Any) -> None: def record_end(self, t: float, component_id: str, msg: Any) -> None:
@@ -57,6 +71,16 @@ class OpLogger:
if pending is None: if pending is None:
return return
op_kind, op_name, params = _extract_op_info(msg) op_kind, op_name, params = _extract_op_info(msg)
# Merge TileToken stage_type captured at record_start into params,
# and reflect it in op_name so reporting can disambiguate
# DMA_READ vs DMA_WRITE and FETCH vs STORE on the same component.
snap = pending.get("snap", {})
stage_type = snap.get("stage_type")
if stage_type is not None:
params = dict(params)
params["stage_type"] = stage_type
if op_name == "TileToken":
op_name = f"TileToken/{stage_type}"
# Snapshot data at record time so Phase 2 replay sidesteps # Snapshot data at record time so Phase 2 replay sidesteps
# downstream mutations of source addrs (e.g. a tl.store that # downstream mutations of source addrs (e.g. a tl.store that
# overwrites HBM after a load handle was sent, or a slot that # overwrites HBM after a load handle was sent, or a slot that
+7 -4
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@@ -123,13 +123,14 @@ class TLContext:
def _make_handle( def _make_handle(
self, addr: int, shape: tuple[int, ...], dtype: str, self, addr: int, shape: tuple[int, ...], dtype: str,
space: str = "tcm", space: str = "tcm", pinned: bool = False,
) -> TensorHandle: ) -> TensorHandle:
return TensorHandle( return TensorHandle(
id=self._next_handle_id(), id=self._next_handle_id(),
addr=addr, shape=shape, dtype=dtype, addr=addr, shape=shape, dtype=dtype,
nbytes=self._nbytes(shape, dtype), nbytes=self._nbytes(shape, dtype),
space=space, space=space,
pinned=pinned,
) )
def _make_compute_out( def _make_compute_out(
@@ -184,15 +185,17 @@ class TLContext:
actually lives in Phase 2 storage. actually lives in Phase 2 storage.
""" """
self._emit_dispatch_overhead() self._emit_dispatch_overhead()
handle = self._make_handle(addr=ptr, shape=shape, dtype=dtype, space="hbm") handle = self._make_handle(
addr=ptr, shape=shape, dtype=dtype, space="hbm", pinned=True,
)
cmd = DmaReadCmd(handle=handle, src_addr=ptr, nbytes=handle.nbytes) cmd = DmaReadCmd(handle=handle, src_addr=ptr, nbytes=handle.nbytes)
data = self._emit(cmd) data = self._emit(cmd)
if data is not None: if data is not None:
# Greenlet mode: attach real data to handle (preserve space) # Greenlet mode: attach real data to handle (preserve space + pinned)
return TensorHandle( return TensorHandle(
id=handle.id, addr=handle.addr, shape=handle.shape, id=handle.id, addr=handle.addr, shape=handle.shape,
dtype=handle.dtype, nbytes=handle.nbytes, data=data, dtype=handle.dtype, nbytes=handle.nbytes, data=data,
space=handle.space, space=handle.space, pinned=handle.pinned,
) )
return handle return handle
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@@ -150,7 +150,11 @@ def test_gemm_plan_stage_sequence():
def test_gemm_plan_intermediate_k_no_dma_write(): def test_gemm_plan_intermediate_k_no_dma_write():
"""Intermediate K-tiles don't have DMA_WRITE stage.""" """Intermediate K-tiles don't have DMA_WRITE or STORE stage.
The C accumulator stays in RegFile across the K loop; STORE +
DMA_WRITE only fire on the last K-tile per (m,n).
"""
from kernbench.components.builtin.tiling import generate_gemm_plan from kernbench.components.builtin.tiling import generate_gemm_plan
plan = generate_gemm_plan( plan = generate_gemm_plan(
@@ -162,15 +166,72 @@ def test_gemm_plan_intermediate_k_no_dma_write():
) )
assert len(plan.tiles) == 2 assert len(plan.tiles) == 2
# First tile (k=0): no DMA_WRITE # First tile (k=0): no STORE, no DMA_WRITE — accumulator stays in RegFile
t0_types = [s.stage_type for s in plan.tiles[0].stages] t0_types = [s.stage_type for s in plan.tiles[0].stages]
assert StageType.STORE not in t0_types
assert StageType.DMA_WRITE not in t0_types assert StageType.DMA_WRITE not in t0_types
# Last tile (k=1, last_k=True): has DMA_WRITE # Last tile (k=1, last_k=True): has both STORE and DMA_WRITE
t1_types = [s.stage_type for s in plan.tiles[1].stages] t1_types = [s.stage_type for s in plan.tiles[1].stages]
assert StageType.STORE in t1_types
assert StageType.DMA_WRITE in t1_types assert StageType.DMA_WRITE in t1_types
def test_gemm_plan_pinned_operand_skips_dma_read():
"""When a_pinned=True, A's per-tile DMA_READ is omitted.
Same for b_pinned. FETCH is unaffected — it still stages from TCM
into RegFile.
"""
from kernbench.components.builtin.tiling import generate_gemm_plan
# Baseline: neither pinned — both A and B get DMA_READ per tile.
base = generate_gemm_plan(
M=32, K=128, N=32, # K_tiles=2
tile_m=32, tile_k=64, tile_n=32,
bytes_per_element=2,
A_addr=0, B_addr=0x1000, C_addr=0x2000,
pe_prefix="sip0.cube0.pe0",
)
for tile in base.tiles:
operands = [s.params.get("operand") for s in tile.stages
if s.stage_type == StageType.DMA_READ]
assert operands == ["A", "B"], \
f"baseline tile should DMA_READ A and B, got {operands}"
# a_pinned: no A DMA_READ.
plan_a = generate_gemm_plan(
M=32, K=128, N=32,
tile_m=32, tile_k=64, tile_n=32,
bytes_per_element=2,
A_addr=0, B_addr=0x1000, C_addr=0x2000,
pe_prefix="sip0.cube0.pe0",
a_pinned=True,
)
for tile in plan_a.tiles:
operands = [s.params.get("operand") for s in tile.stages
if s.stage_type == StageType.DMA_READ]
assert operands == ["B"], \
f"a_pinned should leave only B DMA_READ, got {operands}"
# FETCH must still exist
assert any(s.stage_type == StageType.FETCH for s in tile.stages)
# Both pinned: no DMA_READ at all.
plan_both = generate_gemm_plan(
M=32, K=128, N=32,
tile_m=32, tile_k=64, tile_n=32,
bytes_per_element=2,
A_addr=0, B_addr=0x1000, C_addr=0x2000,
pe_prefix="sip0.cube0.pe0",
a_pinned=True, b_pinned=True,
)
for tile in plan_both.tiles:
dma_reads = [s for s in tile.stages
if s.stage_type == StageType.DMA_READ]
assert dma_reads == [], \
f"both pinned should skip all DMA_READ, got {dma_reads}"
def test_math_plan_stage_sequence(): def test_math_plan_stage_sequence():
"""Math plan has READ→FETCH→MATH→STORE→WRITE sequence.""" """Math plan has READ→FETCH→MATH→STORE→WRITE sequence."""
from kernbench.components.builtin.tiling import generate_math_plan from kernbench.components.builtin.tiling import generate_math_plan