# ADR-0025: IPCQ Direction Addressing — address-based matching

## Status

Accepted (Revision 2 — Address-based matching; peer_direction field dropped)

## Context

### Goal

In the IPCQ protocol of ADR-0023, make the **identification of "which
direction pair this transfer belongs to"** consistent and **address-based**,
without depending on topology / dict-order. It must work correctly in a
2-rank bidirectional ring (and more generally in any topology where
multiple directions point to the same peer).

### The bug surfaced — 2-rank bidirectional ring

`ring_1d(rank, world_size=2)` → `{"E": 1, "W": 1}` (rank 0). Both directions
point to the same peer.

**Bug 1 (install)**:
- `reverse_direction(0, 1)` → returns "E" by dict order (wrong; "W" is the
  correct answer — opposite-direction convention)
- rank 0's E entry is set with `peer.rx_base_pa = rx_base(sip1, cube0, pe0, d="E")`
- tl.send(E) → data lands in sip1's E-rx buffer (should be W-rx)

**Bug 2 (runtime)**:
- Even if install set up the correct address, the receiver's
  `_handle_meta_arrival` matches direction by sender coordinates only → the
  first direction (E) wins
- peer_head_cache[E] is incremented; peer_head_cache[W] is unchanged
- The kernel's tl.recv(W) waits on peer_head_cache[W] → blocks forever →
  IpcqDeadlock

### Root cause

The same issue along two axes:
1. **Install-time pairing**: deciding "which of my directions pairs with
   which direction of the peer" depends on dict-iteration-order → fragile
   when multiple directions point to the same peer
2. **Runtime identification**: deciding "which qp should be updated" is
   based on sender coordinates alone → ambiguous when directions are
   duplicated

### Solution direction — address-based matching

Each PE's rx buffer sits at a **unique address range per direction**
(rx_base_pa + direction_idx × bytes_per_direction). Therefore:

- **Runtime**: match by **dst_addr range** instead of sender coord →
  unambiguous
- **Install**: prefer the opposite direction as a heuristic (the natural
  symmetry of ring / mesh)
- No need for redundant metadata like `peer_direction` — **address is the
  single source of truth**

This design works **independently of the PhysAddr transition (ADR-0030)**.
Whether the current addresses are synthetic or PhysAddr, the same approach
applies as long as the per-direction range uniqueness is preserved.

---

## Decision

### D1. Install — `reverse_direction` opposite-preference

`src/kernbench/ccl/install.py`:

```python
# Extended in ADR-0032 with global_* pairs for inter-SIP directions,
# which were introduced by configure_sfr_intercube_multisip to keep
# intercube (N/S/E/W) and inter-SIP (global_N/S/E/W) namespaces disjoint.
_OPPOSITE_DIR = {
    "E": "W", "W": "E", "N": "S", "S": "N",
    "global_E": "global_W", "global_W": "global_E",
    "global_N": "global_S", "global_S": "global_N",
}

def reverse_direction(my_rank: int, peer_rank: int, my_dir: str) -> str | None:
    """Find peer's direction that reciprocates my_dir→peer_rank.

    Prefer the OPPOSITE direction (E↔W, N↔S) when the peer has it
    pointing back to us. This matters in 2-rank bidirectional rings
    where both E and W on one side point to the same peer — without
    the preference, the first-match-wins iteration would route data
    into the wrong rx slot. Falls back to any direction pointing back
    for topologies without an opposite convention (tree_binary's
    parent/child).
    """
    nt = neighbor_table[peer_rank]
    opp = _OPPOSITE_DIR.get(my_dir)
    if opp is not None and nt.get(opp) == my_rank:
        return opp
    for d, target in nt.items():
        if target == my_rank:
            return d
    return None
```

Call site:

```python
for d, peer_rank in nbrs.items():
    peer_dir = reverse_direction(r, peer_rank, d)  # pass my_dir
    if peer_dir is None:
        continue
    ...
```

### D2. Runtime — `_handle_meta_arrival` dst_addr matching

`src/kernbench/components/builtin/pe_ipcq.py`:

```python
def _handle_meta_arrival(self, msg: IpcqMetaArrival) -> None:
    """Match incoming token to the receiver-side direction by dst_addr range.

    Each direction has a unique rx buffer address range
    (my_rx_base_pa + n_slots * slot_size). The token's dst_addr (set by
    the sender's IPCQ when computing peer's slot address) falls within
    exactly one such range. This address-based matching is unambiguous
    even when multiple directions have the same peer (2-rank ring).
    """
    token = msg.token
    dst_addr = token.dst_addr
    for d, qp in self._queue_pairs.items():
        base = qp["my_rx_base_pa"]
        size = qp["n_slots"] * qp["slot_size"]
        if base <= dst_addr < base + size:
            qp["peer_head_cache"] = max(qp["peer_head_cache"],
                                         token.sender_seq + 1)
            self._arrived_tokens.setdefault(d, []).append(token)
            waiters = self._recv_waiters.get(d, [])
            self._recv_waiters[d] = []
            for ev in waiters:
                if not ev.triggered:
                    ev.succeed()
            any_waiters = self._any_recv_waiters
            self._any_recv_waiters = []
            for ev in any_waiters:
                if not ev.triggered:
                    ev.succeed()
            return
    # Unknown dst_addr — diagnostic log (should not happen under correct install)
```

The sender-coordinate check is **removed**. `dst_addr` already determines
the direction.

### D3. Credit — add `dst_rx_base_pa` field

`src/kernbench/common/ipcq_types.py`:

```python
@dataclass(frozen=True)
class IpcqCreditMetadata:
    consumer_seq: int
    dst_rx_base_pa: int       # NEW: matches the original sender's peer.rx_base_pa
    # Existing fields (kept for diagnostic / logging purposes)
    src_sip: int
    src_cube: int
    src_pe: int
    src_direction: str
```

When the credit is generated (`_delayed_credit_send`): it carries this
direction's `my_rx_base_pa` as `dst_rx_base_pa` (this is the
`peer.rx_base_pa` the other side used when it was the sender).

Receiver side (`_credit_worker`):

```python
def _credit_worker(self, env):
    while True:
        credit = yield self._credit_inbox.get()
        for d, qp in self._queue_pairs.items():
            # Find the qp whose peer rx_base_pa matches the credit's dst_rx_base_pa
            if qp["peer"].rx_base_pa == credit.dst_rx_base_pa:
                qp["peer_tail_cache"] = max(qp["peer_tail_cache"],
                                              credit.consumer_seq)
                waiters = self._send_waiters.get(d, [])
                self._send_waiters[d] = []
                for ev in waiters:
                    if not ev.triggered:
                        ev.succeed()
                break
```

Sender-coordinate check removed. Matching by `dst_rx_base_pa` is
unambiguous.

### D4. Do **not** add a `peer_direction` field to `IpcqInitEntry`

The `IpcqInitEntry.peer_direction` proposed in ADR-0025 rev 1 is
**unnecessary**. Reasons:
- Meta arrivals are matched by dst_addr (D2)
- Credits are matched by dst_rx_base_pa (D3)
- No need to store peer_direction on qp
- Install only uses peer_dir internally when computing rx_base_pa
  (`reverse_direction`)

No change to the IpcqInitEntry schema. **Simpler** than rev 1.

### D5. Keep `IpcqDmaToken.src_direction` (diagnostic only)

The existing `src_direction` field is not removed. It is retained for:
- Logging / trace: the `(rank, t, dir, nbytes)` output of
  `KERNBENCH_CCL_TRACE=1`
- Diagnostics: showing direction in pointer_dump, etc.
- Room for future extension

Runtime matching uses only `dst_addr`.

### D6. Invariants (strengthens ADR-0023 I3)

**I3 (strict)**: For each direction pair `(my_direction, peer_direction)`,
my rx_base and peer rx_base must point to **distinct direction slots**.
Install must guarantee this (reverse_direction opposite-preference).

**I3.1 (new)**: For every qp, `qp["my_rx_base_pa"]` and
`qp["peer"].rx_base_pa` occupy mutually disjoint address ranges (buffers
of different directions never overlap). This is the prerequisite for the
address-based matching of D2/D3.

Verifiable at install time:
```python
# ccl/install_plan.py: assertion at the end of build_install_plans
all_rx_ranges = set()
for plan in plans:
    for pe_install in plan.pe_installs:
        for entry in pe_install.neighbors:
            r = (entry.my_rx_base_pa,
                 entry.my_rx_base_pa + plan.n_slots * plan.slot_size)
            overlap = any(_ranges_overlap(r, e) for e in all_rx_ranges)
            assert not overlap
            all_rx_ranges.add(r)
```

---

## Dependencies

- **ADR-0023** (IPCQ protocol): this ADR modifies ADR-0023's runtime
  matching logic (D2, D3) and improves the install heuristic (D1). No
  change to the IPCQ protocol's semantic layer.
- **ADR-0024** (launcher): the case where a 2-rank bidirectional ring is
  actually used is the ws=SIP_count model of ADR-0024. This ADR makes that
  case work.
- **ADR-0030** (PhysAddr transition, stub): **independent** — ADR-0025's
  address-based matching works identically whether the current addresses
  are synthetic or PhysAddr.

---

## Non-goals

- **Migrating IPCQ addressing to PhysAddr**: ADR-0030 scope. This ADR is
  agnostic to how addresses are encoded.
- **Multi-hop routing**: the single-hop DMA write assumption of ADR-0023
  D5 still holds.
- **Unidir ring specialization**: `ring_1d_unidir` only has a single
  direction, so the bug does not apply.

---

## Open questions

- **Address-matching performance**: `_handle_meta_arrival` and
  `_credit_worker` iterate qp linearly (max 4 directions). The performance
  impact is negligible. If it becomes an issue, this can be switched to a
  dict lookup (`_qp_by_rx_base`).
- **Re-evaluating the need for `IpcqDmaToken.src_direction`**: whether to
  keep this field, which is only kept for diagnostics, or to split it out
  of logging. Currently retained.
- **Cost of install-time invariant verification**: the I3.1 verification
  of D6 is O(N_PE × N_direction)^2. It could be slow on large topologies
  → improvable via data structures such as interval trees. Simple
  implementation first.

---

## Consequences

### Positive

- **Simplicity**: redundant `peer_direction` metadata removed. Address is
  the single source of truth.
- **Unambiguous matching**: works on every topology (including duplicate
  directions).
- **Minimal schema changes**: `IpcqInitEntry` unchanged, one field added
  to `IpcqCreditMetadata`.
- **Independent of PhysAddr transition (ADR-0030)**: address-based matching
  is agnostic to the address encoding.
- **Diagnostics retained**: `IpcqDmaToken.src_direction` is kept for
  logging.

### Negative

- Runtime matching is now by address comparison, so when debugging
  questions like "why did peer_head_cache[W] update rather than [E]" one
  has to follow the address range (previously the direction name was
  enough). Mitigation: include a "direction ↔ rx_base_pa" mapping in
  pointer_dump.

### Neutral

- The semantic layer of the IPCQ protocol (sender computes dst_addr,
  receiver receives) is unchanged.