# ADR-0052: OpLog + MemoryStore Schemas — sim_engine internals

## Status

Accepted (2026-05-22).

Pins down the `OpRecord` schema and the `record_start` / `record_end` /
`record_copy` behavior in `sim_engine/op_log.py`, plus the
(space, addr) namespace and read/write semantics of `MemoryStore` in
`sim_engine/memory_store.py`. ADR-0020 (2-pass data execution) declares
that these two facilities exist, but **the precise record fields and
semantics** had no ADR-level coverage, and several recent ADRs
(ADR-0046 D3.2's `tl.store` visibility, ADR-0023 D9's IPCQ copy
record) depend on these semantics.

## First action

### `OpLogger(memory_store=None)`

On construction, initialize three fields:

1. `self._records: list[OpRecord] = []` — accumulated records.
2. `self._pending: dict[int, dict] = {}` — partial records keyed by
   `id(msg)` (created at `record_start`, completed at `record_end`).
3. `self._memory_store = memory_store` — optional MemoryStore
   reference. Used to capture math-op input snapshots and dma_write
   HBM-source snapshots.

Records and pending are empty; the `record_*` calls accumulate data
over time.

### `MemoryStore()`

On construction, initialize a single field:
`self._storage: dict[str, dict[int, np.ndarray]] = {}` — a two-level
dict (`space → addr → ndarray`). Inner dicts are created lazily as new
spaces appear.

In short, **both facilities' first act is "set up an empty accumulator
buffer plus a sparse, per-space dict"**. The first record / write
fills the fields when it arrives.

## Context

ADR-0020 D2/D5/D7 (2-pass data execution) declares:

- During Phase 1 (timing), `ComponentBase._on_process_start/end` hooks
  call `OpLogger.record_start/end`, recording the time and metadata of
  every data op.
- Phase 2 (data) replays the op log in `t_start` order to compute real
  data.
- Data payloads live in `MemoryStore`, keyed by (space, addr).

Subsequent ADRs (ADR-0023 D9's IPCQ atomic write, ADR-0027's Megatron
TP scratch-overwrite avoidance, ADR-0046 D3.2's `tl.store` visibility)
depend on op_log and MemoryStore behavior, but **the exact record
fields / space names / snapshot timing** are only discoverable via
source grep. This ADR codifies them.

## Decision

### D1. `OpRecord` schema — seven fields

```python
@dataclass
class OpRecord:
    t_start: float
    t_end: float
    component_id: str
    op_kind: str               # "memory" | "gemm" | "math" | "unknown"
    op_name: str               # e.g. "dma_read", "gemm_f16", "exp",
                               #     "TileToken/DMA_READ", "composite_gemm",
                               #     "ipcq_copy"
    params: dict[str, Any]
    dependency_ids: list[int] = field(default_factory=list)
```

- **`t_start` / `t_end`**: SimPy time (float ns). `t_start` is when the
  component begins the op; `t_end` is completion. Duration =
  `t_end - t_start`.
- **`component_id`**: the node id where the op occurred (e.g.,
  `"sip0.cube0.pe0.pe_dma"`).
- **`op_kind`**: one of four. Phase 2 DataExecutor branches on this.
- **`op_name`**: a debug/analysis-friendly name. For a TileToken,
  expands to `"TileToken/{stage_type}"` (e.g.,
  `"TileToken/DMA_READ"`) to disambiguate stages.
- **`params`**: op-specific metadata dict (see D3).
- **`dependency_ids`**: currently unused (default `[]`). Reserved for
  future cross-op dependency tracking.

### D2. `OpLogger.records` — guaranteed `t_start` sort

```python
@property
def records(self) -> list[OpRecord]:
    self._records.sort(key=lambda r: r.t_start)
    return self._records
```

A stable sort by `t_start` runs on each access. Records with the same
`t_start` preserve insertion order. Aligns with ADR-0020 D5's
"t_start stable ordering" requirement.

Phase 2 DataExecutor always accesses via the `records` property, so
even when `record_end` calls arrive out of `t_start` order (e.g., a
short op started later but finished earlier), the sequence handed to
Phase 2 is consistent.

### D3. `params` schema per `op_name` (matrix from `_extract_op_info`)

#### D3.1. `op_kind="memory", op_name="dma_read"` (DmaReadCmd)

```python
{"src_addr": int, "nbytes": int, "handle_id": str}
```

#### D3.2. `op_kind="memory", op_name="dma_write"` (DmaWriteCmd)

```python
{
    "src_space": str,   # handle.space ("tcm"|"hbm"|"sram"), default "tcm"
    "src_addr": int,    # handle.addr
    "shape": tuple, "dtype": str,
    "dst_space": "hbm", # DmaWrite always targets HBM
    "dst_addr": int,
    "nbytes": int,
    "handle_id": str,
    # When src_space == "hbm" at record_end, a snapshot is added (D4)
    "snapshot": np.ndarray | None,
}
```

#### D3.3. `op_kind="gemm", op_name=f"gemm_{dtype_a}"` (GemmCmd)

```python
{
    "src_a_addr": int, "src_b_addr": int, "dst_addr": int,
    "shape_a": tuple, "shape_b": tuple, "shape_out": tuple,
    "dtype_in": str, "dtype_out": str,
    "m": int, "k": int, "n": int,
    # ADR-0027: per-operand + output spaces preserved
    "src_a_space": str, "src_b_space": str, "dst_space": str,
}
```

#### D3.4. `op_kind="math", op_name=msg.op` (MathCmd; op = "exp", "sum", "add", "where", …)

```python
{
    "input_addrs": list[int],   # addrs of input handles
    "input_shapes": list[tuple],
    "input_spaces": list[str],
    "input_dtypes": list[str],
    "dst_addr": int, "dst_space": str,
    "shape_out": tuple, "dtype": str,
    "axis": int | None,         # only meaningful for reductions
    # All inputs get snapshots at record_end (D4)
    "input_snapshots": list[np.ndarray | None],
}
```

#### D3.5. `op_kind="gemm" or "math", op_name=f"composite_{op}"` (CompositeCmd)

```python
{
    "op": str,              # "gemm" | "math"
    "out_addr": int, "out_nbytes": int,
    # If op == "gemm", same fields as GemmCmd are added:
    "src_a_addr": int, "src_b_addr": int,
    "shape_a": tuple, "shape_b": tuple,
    "dtype_in": str, "dtype_out": str,
    "src_a_space": str, "src_b_space": str,
    "dst_space": "hbm", "dst_addr": int,  # = out_addr
}
```

If `op == "gemm"`, `op_kind = "gemm"`; otherwise `"math"`. An alias so
Phase 2 replays composite-gemm on the same path as `GemmCmd`.

#### D3.6. `op_kind="memory", op_name="ipcq_copy"` (record_copy path)

```python
{
    "src_space": str, "src_addr": int,
    "dst_space": str, "dst_addr": int,
    "shape": tuple, "dtype": str, "nbytes": int,
    "snapshot": np.ndarray | None,   # passed by caller; if None, record_copy reads fresh
}
```

`PE_DMA._handle_ipcq_inbound` (ADR-0023 D9) emits this record so Phase
2 can replay the IPCQ slot's inbound copy. It bypasses
`record_start` / `record_end` and pushes directly via `record_copy()`.

#### D3.7. `op_kind="unknown", op_name=type(msg).__name__`

Fallback for messages `_extract_op_info` doesn't recognize. `params =
{}`. If DataExecutor encounters this kind, it skips — Phase 2 replay
is unaffected.

### D4. Snapshot capture timing

When `OpLogger._memory_store` is set, `record_end` performs:

- **Math op**: read every input
  (addr/shape/space/dtype) from `self._memory_store.read(...)` and
  attach an ndarray copy to `params["input_snapshots"]`. Read failure
  → `None`.
- **`dma_write` op**: snapshot the source **only if `src_space ==
  "hbm"`** and attach to `params["snapshot"]`. TCM (PE scratch)
  sources are **deliberately skipped** — TCM is repopulated by Phase 2
  math/gemm replay, and a Phase-1-time snapshot would capture a
  previous kernel's stale value (ADR-0027 postmortem: TP gemm →
  all_reduce race).
- **`ipcq_copy`**: the caller passes the in-flight snapshot via
  `snapshot=token.data`. If absent, `record_copy` attempts a fresh
  read from MemoryStore.

Snapshots are taken with `.copy()` (fresh allocation), making them
safe against later storage mutation. This is the foundation of
ADR-0027's "cross-PE Phase 2 ordering" race-avoidance.

When `memory_store` is `None` (Phase 1 timing-only mode), all
snapshot steps are skipped. Only the timing portion of the record is
preserved; data replay is unavailable.

### D5. TileToken handling — `record_start` captures stage info

ADR-0014 D6's self-routing tile token (pipeline mode) may have already
advanced its `stage_idx` by the time `record_end` runs (the TileToken
caches the next stage's params as it moves to the next component).
Therefore:

`record_start` pre-saves the following in `pending[id(msg)]["snap"]`:

```python
snap["stage_type"] = stage.stage_type.name        # "DMA_READ", "GEMM", ...
snap["stage_params"] = dict(stage.params)         # copy of params at start time
```

`record_end` retrieves this snap and merges into params:

- Adds `params["stage_type"]` to final params.
- Merges `stage_params` keys (keeps existing values if any).
- If `op_name == "TileToken"`, rewrites it to
  `f"TileToken/{stage_type}"` (e.g., `"TileToken/DMA_READ"`),
  disambiguating different stages emitted by the same component.

Thanks to this, DMA_READ vs DMA_WRITE, FETCH vs STORE coming from the
same component (e.g., pe_dma) are distinguishable in reports.

### D6. `MemoryStore` — two-level (space, addr) dict

```python
class MemoryStore:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._storage: dict[str, dict[int, np.ndarray]] = {}

    def write(self, space, addr, data): self._storage[space][addr] = data
    def read(self, space, addr, shape=None, dtype=None) -> np.ndarray: ...
    def has(self, space, addr) -> bool: ...
    def snapshot(self) -> MemoryStore: ...
```

#### D6.1. Space namespace

A string key. Standard values:

- `"hbm"`: HBM data (deploy_tensor + Phase 2 dma_write results).
- `"tcm"`: PE-local TCM (Phase 2 math/gemm output).
- `"sram"`: cube-level SRAM (ADR-0023 D9.7's IPCQ slot tier).

Other spaces (e.g., `"reg"`) are allowed — `_storage` is a lazy dict
that creates a new space when `write` first touches it.

#### D6.2. Address keying

`addr` is an integer. It may be a **physical address (PA) or a virtual
address (VA)** — `MemoryStore` itself doesn't know address-space
semantics; it just uses them as keys. Phase 1's `MemoryWriteMsg`
writes both PA and VA
(`_create_tensor` zero-inits at PA and at the VA base too); Phase 2
reads/writes via the addresses captured by op_log.

The caller decides `addr`'s meaning — `MemoryStore` provides only
lookup.

#### D6.3. read/write semantics — reference store (no copy)

`write(space, addr, data)`: stores the ndarray reference. **No copy.**
If the caller later mutates the same ndarray, the stored value
changes.

`read(space, addr, shape=None, dtype=None)`: returns the stored
ndarray reference. If `shape`/`dtype` are provided:

- `dtype != stored.dtype`: `arr.view(np_dtype)` reinterprets as a
  view (no copy).
- `shape != stored.shape`: if `nbytes` matches, `arr.reshape(shape)`
  is a view.
- `nbytes` mismatch → `ValueError`.

To detach the data, the caller must call `arr.copy()`. ADR-0027's
race-avoidance requires explicit `.copy()` in op_log snapshot steps
for exactly this reason.

#### D6.4. `has(space, addr) -> bool`

Existence check; does not materialize data.

#### D6.5. `snapshot() -> MemoryStore`

Shallow copy. Creates a new instance of inner dicts but shares
ndarray references. Used at Phase 2 init to fork from Phase 1's
store, so Phase 2 mutations don't affect Phase 1's remaining
consumers.

### D7. op_log assumes a single-threaded SimPy

`OpLogger`'s `_records` and `_pending` are lock-free. SimPy is
single-threaded, so nothing else can intrude between `record_start`
and `record_end` for the same message.

When multi-process kernbench (ADR-0047 D6) arrives, OpLogger must be
split per process — one OpLogger instance cannot receive records from
multiple processes.

## Alternatives Considered

### A1. Externalize op_log to SQLite / parquet

Rejected (currently). The in-memory list minimizes Phase 1 → Phase 2
hand-off latency. Externalization makes sense for long-running batch
runs but adds overhead for the current single-run workload.

### A2. Capture snapshots at `record_start`

Rejected. At `record_start`, inputs are often not yet populated (e.g.,
a math op's input is the output of a just-issued previous op).
`record_end` is the correct point.

### A3. Per-component MemoryStore

Rejected. The (space, addr) key already disambiguates effectively, and
splitting per component would complicate cross-PE IPCQ copy (ADR-0023
D9), which needs access to both source and destination stores.

### A4. Explicit dependency edges in op_log

Partially adopted. The `dependency_ids` field exists on `OpRecord` but
is currently unused (D1). Phase 2 DataExecutor orders via `t_start` +
a secondary sort (memory ops before math at the same `t_start`). When
an explicit dependency graph is required, this field is the home.
Current ordering rules are sufficient, so it remains unused.

## Consequences

- ADR-0020's op_log / MemoryStore declarations are expanded into the
  concrete D1–D6 schemas, so writing/modifying Phase 2 DataExecutor
  doesn't need source-grep to learn field semantics.
- D3's per-`op_name` params matrix makes adding new ops (e.g., a new
  reduction type) a question of branching in `_extract_op_info`.
- D4's per-op snapshot policy (math = input snapshot, dma_write =
  HBM-only snapshot) is ADR-locked, so ADR-0027's race-avoidance
  decision won't silently regress on future refactors.
- D6.3's reference-store semantics are explicit, putting mutation
  safety on the caller. ADR-0027's explicit `.copy()` pattern is
  justified.
- D7's single-thread assumption is recorded, so multi-process
  kernbench (ADR-0047 D6's supersession candidate) will need OpLogger
  separation when introduced.